Variable 01

Origin sets the ceiling.

Coffee is a fruit seed, and fruit tastes like where it grew. Altitude is the biggest lever: higher farms mean colder nights, slower cherry maturation, and denser beans that hold more sugar and acid. Variety decides the aromatic palette. Soil and rainfall fill in the rest.

A roaster cannot add flavor natrually. We can only reveal or destroy what the farm already made. That's why we start with origin and pay for the good lots.
That pumpkin spice bag? Made by adding external flavors after roasting.

Origins worth knowing

Ethiopia

Yirgacheffe · Guji · Sidama

Jasmine, bergamot, blueberry, lemon tea. The floral ceiling of the coffee world.

Altitude
1,800–2,300 m
Varieties
Heirloom landraces

Kenya

Nyeri · Kirinyaga

Blackcurrant, tomato, grapefruit. Acidity with actual structure — savory and sweet at once.

Altitude
1,600–2,000 m
Varieties
SL28 · SL34 · Ruiru 11

Colombia

Huila · Nariño

Caramel, red apple, panela sweetness. The dependable middle that still has something to say.

Altitude
1,500–2,000 m
Varieties
Caturra · Castillo · Pink Bourbon

Guatemala

Huehuetenango · Antigua

Cocoa, baking spice, orange. Volcanic soil, dense beans, excellent in a medium roast.

Altitude
1,500–2,000 m
Varieties
Bourbon · Caturra

Costa Rica

Tarrazú · West Valley

Honeyed stone fruit and clean citrus. The country most willing to experiment with process.

Altitude
1,200–1,900 m
Varieties
Villa Sarchí · Geisha

Peru

Cajamarca · Cusco

Milk chocolate, almond, soft citrus. High-grown and usually organic — quietly excellent value.

Altitude
1,400–2,000 m
Varieties
Typica · Bourbon · Caturra

Brazil

Cerrado Mineiro · Sul de Minas

Peanut, milk chocolate, heavy body, low acidity. The backbone of espresso everywhere.

Altitude
800–1,200 m
Varieties
Yellow Bourbon · Mundo Novo

Sumatra

Gayo Highlands · Lintong

Cedar, earth, dark cocoa, syrupy body. Unmistakable, and completely its own thing.

Altitude
1,100–1,600 m
Varieties
Typica derivatives · Ateng